Meningoencepholocoele- Endonasal treatment with nasoseptal flap

Meningoencephalocele is a type of encephalocele characterized by the protrusion of both meninges and brain tissue through a defect in the skull. 

There are two main types of meningoencephalocele. The more common frontoethmoidal type is located at the frontal and ethmoid bones while the occipital type is located at the occipital bone. Hydrocephalus, abnormalities of the eyeball and lacrimal duct  and other findings have been associated with the condition. Some affected individuals have intellectual disabilities .

 The condition is typically congenital  but rarely has been reported to occur spontaneously or after head trauma in older individuals (this occured in our patient shown in the video). The underlying cause of the condition is uncertain, but environmental factors are thought to play a role. 

Treatment depends on the size, location and severity of the defect but mainly includes surgery to repair the defect.
The video shows one of our authors (SS) using a local nasoseptal flap to seal the defect.