This is where you will find information and advice on Ear Nose and Throat problems (Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery) . The blog is administered by Northland (NZ) ENT specialists. We teach GPs, Registrars and House Surgeons and it is a pity not to have that information available for all who are interested. Hope our readers find it helpful!

Monday, March 11, 2013

A new epidemic- Oral cancer due to HPV



We have seen a dramatic rise in our department of patients presenting with oral cancer. This change is in a younger group of patients with P16 positive (Human Papilloma virus) tumours. This is a world-wide phenomenon.
In Sweden the age-standardized incidence of tonsillar cancer increased from 1.3 to 3.6 (2.8-fold) per 100,000 between 1970 and 2002 in the Stockholm area . In men, the increase was 2.6-fold (1.077–2.81 per 100,000), while in women the increase was 3.5-fold (0.232–0.829 per 100,000) 

To learn more about HPV and oral cancer, check out the following infographic from the Mount Sinai Medical Center, USA

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Oral cancer most commonly involves the tonsils or the tongue. It may also occur on the:
  • lips
  • Cheek lining
  • Floor of the mouth
  • Gums (gingiva)
  • Roof of the mouth (palate)

Most oral cancers are a type called squamous cell carcinomas. These tend to spread quickly.
Smoking and other tobacco used to cause most cases of oral cancer with Heavy alcohol use also increasing your risk for oral cancer. But now Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the commonest cause 
Other factors that may increase the risk for oral cancer include:
  • Chronic irritation (such as from rough teeth, dentures, or fillings)
  • Taking medications that weaken the immune system (immunosuppressants)
  • Poor dental and oral hygiene
Some oral cancers begin as a white plaque (leukoplakia) or as a mouth ulcer.
Men get oral cancer twice as often as women do, particularly men older than 40.

Symptoms

Sore, lump, or ulcer in the mouth:
  • Enlarged tonsil with earache
  • A lump in the neck often painless
  • May be a deep, hard-edged crack in the tissue
  • Ulcer on the tongue, lip, or other area of the mouth
  • Usually painless at first (may develop a burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced)
Other symptoms that may occur with oral cancer include:
  • Chewing problems
  • Pain with swallowing
  • Speech difficulties
  • Swallowing difficulty
  • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
  • Weight loss

investigations

  • biopsy of the lesion
  • FNA of neck node
  •  CT scans will be done to determine if the cancer has spread.

Treatment

Surgery to remove the tumor is usually recommended if the tumor is small enough. Surgery may be used together with radiation therapy and chemotherapy for larger tumors. Surgery is not commonly done if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck.
Other treatments may include speech therapy or other therapy to improve movement, chewing, swallowing, and speech.

Expectations (prognosis)

Approximately half of people with oral cancer will live more than 5 years after they are diagnosed and treated. If the cancer is found early, before it has spread to other tissues, the cure rate is nearly 90%. However, more than half of oral cancers have already spread when the cancer is detected. Most have spread to the throat or neck.
About 1 in 4 persons with oral cancer die because of delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Complications

  • Complications of radiation therapy, including dry mouth and difficulty swallowing
  • Disfigurement of the face, head, and neck after surgery
  • Other spread (metastasis) of the cancer


12 comments:

  1. This is way too informative for me. I really really appreciate this wonderful article you have shared. My cancer alternative treatment center appreciates this so much! Thanks a lot.

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  3. Thank you for tell us the reasons of oral cancer and it gives us useful information about oral cancer.
    oral cancer

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  7. I am really happy that i have been cured from (HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS) with the herbal medicine of Dr OSAGIE , i have been suffering from this disease for the past 3 years and 4 mouth without solution until i came across the email of this doctor who have cure so many people with his herbal medicine, i also choose to give him a chance to help me and my husband, he told me what to do and i kindly did it, and he gave us his herbal medicine and direct me on how to use it, i also follow his instructions for use and he ask us to go for a check up after 1 week and 5days which i did, to my greatest surprise our result came out as negative, we are really happy that there is someone like this doctor who is ready to help anytime any day. To all the readers and viewers that is doubting this testimony stop doubting it and contact this doctor if you really have one and see if he will not actually help you. i am not a stupid woman that i will come out to the public and start saying what someone have not done for me and i know that there are some people out there who are really suffering and hurting their family just because of these diseases so you can to mail him on drosagiesolutiontemple@gmail.com OR
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  9. Am tracy by name,from Germany, i was diagnosed with Herpes for 6years ago i lived in pain with the knowledge that i wasn't going to ever be well again i contacted so many herbal doctors on this issue and wasted a large sum of money but my condition never got better i was determined to get my life back so one day i saw mrs neme amber post on how Dr Abumere saved him from the VIRUS with herbal medicine i contacted Dr Abumere on his email address: doctorabumrer6@gnail.com or WhatsApp +2349021975055 we spoke on the issue i told him all that i went through and he told me not to worry that everything will be fine again so he prepared the medicine and send it to me through courier service and told me how to use it,after 18days of usage I went to see the doctor for test ,then the result was negative,am the happiest woman on earth now. this testimony .is real.thanks to Dr Abumere God bless you..

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  10. WHAT A GREAT MIRACLE THAT I HAVE EVER SEE IN MY LIFE. My names are Clara David I’m a citizen of USA, My younger sister was sicking of breast cancer and her name is Sandra David I and my family have taking her to all kind of hospital in USA still yet no good result. I decided to make search for cancer cure so that was how I find a lady called peter Lizzy she was testifying  to the world about the goodness of a herbal man who has the roots and herbs to cure all kind of disease and the herbal man email was there. So I decided to contact the herbal man @herbalist_sakura for my younger sister help to cure her breast cancer. I contacted him and told him my problem he told me that I should not worry that my sister cancer will be cure, he told me that there is a medicine that he is going to give me that I will cook it and give it to my sister to drink for one week, so I ask how can I receive the cure that I am in USA, he told me That I will pay for the delivery service. The courier service can transport it to me so he told me the amount I will pay, so my dad paid for the delivery fee. two days later I receive the cure from the courier service so I used it as the herbal man instructed me to, before the week complete my sister cancer was healed and it was like a dream to me not knowing that it was physical I and my family were very happy about the miracle of Doctor so my dad wanted to pay him 5 million us dollars the herbal man did not accept the offer from my dad, but I don't know why he didn't accept the offer, he only say that I should tell the world about him and his miracle he perform so am now here to tell the world about him if you or your relative is having any kind of disease that you can't get from the hospital please contact dr.sakuraspellalter@gmail.com or whats app him +2348110114739  you can follow him up on Instagram @herbalist_sakura for the cure, he will help you out with the problem. And if you need more information about the doctor you can mail me davidclara223@gmail.com 

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  11. I have had HIV positive for 4 years,and I have taking different medications of drugs and injections all my effects to get cured was in vain, one day I came across testimony of someone who sheared how she was cured of Herpes virus from doctor James herbal mix, I thought it was a joke, but I picked up interest and gave it a try and contacted Dr James on his email drjamesherbalmix@gmail.comI told him my problem and he asked how long I was positive and how old I am, and I told him,he said I should not be worried that he will send me his powerful herbal mixed medicine that he believed will cure me from HIV, I said okay and sent him the amount he requested. 2 days later he told me the cure has been sent to me through UPS SPEED POST which got to me in 4 days time.I used the medicine morning and evening as he prescribed for me for 2 weeks I waited for 1 week then I went for a check up and I was tested HIV negative exactly as Dr James told me.I'm now free from HIV virus thank you so much Dr James. The happiness inside of me,made me to shear my testimony because I know there are still people out here with HIV positive and other diseases and don't know how to get cured contact Dr James for he is truly, trustworthy and a good herbalist man. Trust he's gonna cure you Email him on (drjamesherbalmix@gmail.com) WhatsApp him on +2348152855846 He also cures diseases like Herpes virus,Hiv/aids,Hepatitis,Cancer,Rectum effects,Diabetes,Inflammatory diseases HPV,Vaginal infection,UTI,bring back your ex husband

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  12. I’m recommending Dr Godday to everyone who have herpes virus to get the cure from him. I was diagnose of genital herpes in 2015 and i have been searching and asking questions to see if i could get something to cure the disease because i did not believe what the doctors say that no cure is found yet. I came across a comment on Youtube and the person testify how she was cured from herpes and hpv after using Dr Godday herbal medicine. I quickly contact Dr email and explain my problem to him and he prepare the herbs and send it to me through courier and gave me instructions on how to use it and tell me to go for checkup after usage which i did after two weeks of taken the herbal medicine and my result was NEGATIVE. I waited another month and retested the result was still NEGATIVE and my doctor told me that am completely free from herpes. Am so happy and grateful to Dr Godday for what he has done for me and i will continue to share this for people out there to know that there is cure for herpes. You can contact Dr Godday on email and WhatsApp to get the cure from him. Email:goddayspiritualhome@gmail.com Or Call/What’s-app +1{919}4956404

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